Independent, data-driven fundamental analysis on global industry leaders.
Specifically focus on Technology and Biotechnology.
Article list:
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Global top 100 companies as of 2025/12/23
The table below presents the top 100 global companies by market capitalization. Please click on the links to access articles for each company. I will continuously update the articles for each company in the list. The global top 100 market capitalization compaines (as of 2025/12/23) Rank Company ticker 1 NVIDIA NVDA 2 Apple AAPL 3…
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Walmart – Competitions
In the 2026 retail landscape, Walmart has evolved from a traditional brick-and-mortar retailer into an omnichannel ecosystem. Here is a competitive analysis focusing on its strategic positioning against key rivals. 1. Key Competitors and Differentiation Walmart competes across multiple fronts, with different strategies for each segment: Competitor Primary Battlefield Walmart’s Competitive Edge Amazon E-commerce, Logistics,…
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Walmart – Background and History
1. Founding and Early Beginnings (1962-1969): The Rural Strategy Revenue Level: Grew from less than $1 million to approximately $31 million. Key Business Advancement: Implementation of the Profit Sharing Plan. Sam Walton introduced a program where all full-time associates could share in the company’s profits after one year of service. This was revolutionary in the…
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Eli Lilly – 2025Q3 report
Here is the summary of Eli Lilly and Company’s Quarterly Report (Form 10-Q) for the period ended September 30, 2025, with reference numbers and separator lines removed: Financial Performance Overview Revenue for the third quarter of 2025 reached $17,600.8 million, a 54% increase compared to the third quarter of 2024. Net income for the third…
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Eli Lilly – Competitions
Here is the competitive analysis for Eli Lilly in 2026, focused on its highest-revenue product categories. 2026 Strategic Outlook Table Category Key Product Top Rival 2026 Outlook Metabolism Mounjaro/Zepbound Novo Nordisk High growth; focus on oral pill (Orforglipron) launch. Oncology Verzenio Novartis Stable leadership in early-stage breast cancer. Immunology Taltz/Omvoh AbbVie Aggressive M&A to counter…
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Eli Lilly – Background and History
The history of Eli Lilly and Company can be divided into several transformative eras: 1. Founding and Standardization (1876-1900s) Colonel Eli Lilly, a chemist and Civil War veteran, founded the company in 1876 in Indianapolis. At a time when many medicines were unreliable, he committed to scientific rigor. 2. The Insulin Revolution (1920s-1940s) Lilly transitioned…
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Berkshire – 2025Q3 report
Berkshire Hathaway 2025 Q3 Financial Summary (Ending September 30) This summary highlights Berkshire’s strategic pivot toward extreme liquidity, record-breaking cash reserves, and selective industrial acquisition. 1. Financial and Capital Allocation Highlights 2. Business Segment Performance 3. Legal Litigation and Risks Here is the financial report summary for Berkshire Hathaway’s 2025 Third Quarter, based on the…
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Berkshire – Background and History
1. The Early Years & Entrepreneurial Roots (1930-1950) Buffett displayed a natural aptitude for business and numbers from a very young age. 2. Mentorship & The Partnership Era (1951-1969) This stage defined his investment philosophy, moving from academic theory to professional practice. 3. Transition to Quality & Insurance (1970-1990) Guided by Charlie Munger, Buffett shifted…
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TSMC – 2025Q3 report
TSMC Q3 2025 Executive Summary and Analysis 1. Stellar Financial Performance TSMC delivered third-quarter results that exceeded expectations, driven primarily by robust demand for advanced process technologies. 2. Revenue Structure: Advanced Nodes and HPC Lead 3. Outlook for Q4 2025 and Beyond 4. Key Strategic Insights Insane and Structural AI Demand CEO C.C. Wei described…
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TSMC – Competitions
As of 2025 and early 2026, the High Performance Computing (HPC) segment has firmly established itself as TSMC’s largest and most critical revenue contributor. Core Technologies Powering the HPC Segment The dominance of the HPC segment is sustained by three “pillars” of technology that create a significant competitive barrier. 1. Advanced Logic Nodes: The 2nm…
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TSMC – Background and History
Stage 1: Foundation and Establishment of the Business Model (1987-Early 1990s) In 1987, Morris Chang founded TSMC with funding from the Taiwan government and Philips. The most critical decision was establishing the Pure-play Foundry business model. Revenue Level: During this period, revenue grew from 100 million NTD at the time of founding to approximately 19.3…
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Saudi Aramco – 2025Q3 report
Executive Summary: Saudi Aramco Q3 2025 Interim Report Saudi Aramco demonstrated robust operational momentum and financial resilience in the third quarter of 2025, driven by strategic expansions in gas production and global downstream integration. 1. Financial Performance 2. Upstream: Gas Strategy Acceleration 3. Downstream: Global Expansion 4. Innovation & Financing The table compares the performance…
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Saudi Aramco – Competitions
From the perspective of 2026, the technological comparison between Saudi Aramco and International Oil Companies (IOCs like ExxonMobil or Shell) highlights a shift from traditional extraction to high-performance computing and low-carbon engineering. 1. Upstream Engineering: The “Trillion-Cell” Advantage Aramco’s edge in upstream technology is centered on managing Super-Giant Fields, a scale that most IOCs do…
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Saudi Aramco – Background and History
1. Early Exploration and Discovery (1933–1943) Core Technology: Relied on Surface Geologic Mapping and traditional cable-tool drilling. The breakthrough at Dammam No.7 in 1938 utilized Deep-Well Drilling to reach the Arab Zone reservoir at 1,440 meters. Revenue Level: Minimal. This was a high-risk investment phase. Income was limited to small royalty payments made by CASOC…
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Tesla – 2025Q3 report
1. Financial Performance Overview Total revenue for the third quarter reached 28.1 billion dollars, a 12% increase year-over-year. This growth was primarily fueled by the energy and services sectors, which helped offset a decline in the average selling price of vehicles. However, net income attributable to common stockholders dropped to 1.37 billion dollars, down from…
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Tesla – Competitions
In 2026, the landscape of the automotive industry has shifted from a race of “who can build the best electric car” to “who can build the best AI-driven ecosystem.” While Tesla remains the global benchmark for software-defined vehicles, it faces unprecedented pressure from Chinese manufacturers and a cooling global EV demand. Here is a competitive…
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Tesla – Background and History
1. Founding and Visionary Positioning (2003-2004) Tesla was founded in 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. In 2004, Elon Musk joined as the lead investor for the Series A funding round and became the Chairman. The core focus of this stage was to prove that electric vehicles were not only viable but also possessed…
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Broadcom – FY2025 annual report
1. Strong Financial Performance with Growth in Revenue and Profit Broadcom delivered robust financial results in fiscal year 2025. Net revenue reached 63.887 billion USD, representing a 24% increase compared to the previous year. Net income surged to 23.126 billion USD, with diluted earnings per share at 4.77 USD, significantly higher than the 5.895 billion…
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Broadcom – competitions
Below is a competitive analysis of Broadcom based on its largest revenue segments, comparing it directly with its key rivals. 1. Semiconductor Solutions This segment accounts for approximately 58% of Broadcom’s total revenue (roughly 36.86B USD in FY2025). The focus has shifted heavily toward AI infrastructure. A. AI Accelerators (Custom ASIC) B. Networking Switches and…
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Broadcom – background and history
The history of Broadcom is a masterclass in aggressive corporate consolidation. The entity we know today as Broadcom Inc. is actually the result of Avago Technologies acquiring the “old” Broadcom in 2016 and adopting its more famous name. Here is the history of Broadcom broken down into five key stages: 1. The Roots: HP Semiconductor…