Independent, data-driven fundamental analysis on global industry leaders.
Specifically focus on Technology and Biotechnology.
Article list:
-
Global top 100 companies as of 2025/12/23
The table below presents the top 100 global companies by market capitalization. Please click on the links to access articles for each company. I will continuously update the articles for each company in the list. The global top 100 market capitalization compaines (as of 2025/12/23) Rank Company ticker 1 NVIDIA NVDA 2 Apple AAPL 3…
-
Samsung – 2025Q3 report
Here is the summary of Samsung Electronics’ 3Q 2025 earnings results in English: Here is the Income Statement and Department Revenue analysis based on the Samsung 3Q 2025 earnings report: Consolidated Income Statement (KRW) Item Amount (Trillion) % of Total Rev YoY Change Total Revenue 86.1 100% +27.7% Cost of Sales 51.5 59.8% +11.2% Gross…
-
Samsung – Competitions
In 2026, Samsung Electronics faces a complex competitive landscape characterized by an intense “AI Supercycle” and fierce rivalry in advanced hardware. The company is currently engaged in a high-stakes battle to reclaim its leadership in semiconductors while defending its smartphone crown against Apple. 1. Semiconductor Rivalry: The AI & 2nm Race The semiconductor division (DS)…
-
Samsung – History
The history of Samsung can be categorized into four distinct stages, evolving from a small trading company into a global technology powerhouse. Stage 1: Foundation and Diversification (1938–1960s) In 1938, Lee Byung-chul founded Samsung Sanghoe in Daegu, Korea. It started as a small trading company exporting dried fish, vegetables, and noodles to China. During this…
-
Mastercard – Competitions
In the current landscape of 2025–2026, Mastercard’s competitive strategy has moved beyond the “Card War” into a race for Digital Infrastructure and Value-Added Services (VAS). Here is an analysis of how Mastercard competes across different sectors: 1. The Duopoly Battle: Mastercard vs. Visa Visa remains the primary rival, but the nature of their competition has…
-
Mastercard – History
The history of Mastercard is characterized by its evolution from a cooperative of regional banks into a global leader in payment technology. Here is the breakdown of its history into five key stages: Stage 1: The Birth of the Interbank Alliance (1966-1968) Unlike its main competitor, Visa (which started as a program by Bank of…
-
Oracle – FY26Q2 report
Financial Performance Overview Total Revenues: For the second quarter of fiscal 2026, revenues reached 16,058 million, a 14% increase compared to 14,059 million in the prior year period. Net Income: Net income for the quarter is 6,135 million, growing from 3,151 million in the same quarter last year. Operating Margin: The GAAP operating margin was…
-
Oracle – Competitions
Oracle’s core technology stack encompasses a complete range from specialized hardware optimization to top-tier Artificial Intelligence applications. In the 2026 technological roadmap, Oracle focuses all core innovations on Automation and AI Integration. 1. Database Core Technology: Converged & AI-Driven The Oracle Database is no longer just a storage tool; it is a Converged Database capable…
-
Oracle – History
The history of Oracle Corporation can be divided into five distinct eras, reflecting the evolution of data technology from early mainframes to modern artificial intelligence. 1. The Foundation and Innovation Era (1977-1982) This period marks the birth of the first commercial relational database, inspired by Edgar F. Codd’s research paper on the relational model. Revenue…
-
Visa – M&As
Visa has conducted several M&As recently to enhance its capabilities in fintech. These transactions highlight Visa’s strategy of using its massive cash reserves to buy modern, cloud-native technology stacks. 1. Tink (Open Banking) This acquisition was a strategic pivot after Visa’s planned $5.3 billion acquisition of Plaid was blocked by US regulators on antitrust grounds.…
-
Visa – FY2025 report
Here is a detailed summary of the Visa Inc. Fiscal Year 2025 10-K report (for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025): Financial Performance Highlights Key Operational Metrics Strategic Growth Pillars Major Investments and Acquisitions Risk Factors and Challenges Based on the Visa Inc. Fiscal Year 2025 10-K report (for the year ended September 30,…
-
Visa – Competitions
As of early 2026, Visa remains the dominant leader in the global payment industry. However, the competitive landscape has evolved from a simple “duopoly” with Mastercard into a complex battle against tech giants, regional payment networks, and account-to-account (A2A) systems. 1. Market Share and Core Dominance (2025-2026) Visa maintains a significant lead in the traditional…
-
Visa – Background and History
The history of Visa is a story of how a localized experiment by a single bank transformed into the world’s leading digital payment network. Its evolution can be broken down into the following key phases: Phase 1: The Origins and the Fresno Drop (1958-1970) Revenue and Financials: This was an experimental phase characterized by high…
-
Tencent Hunyuan
By early 2026, the technical foundation of Tencent Hunyuan has evolved into a highly optimized, heterogeneous architecture. Its differentiation lies in its “Hybrid Reasoning” capabilities and its deep integration with the world’s most active social data. 1. Technical Foundation & Core Supports Unlike many models that rely solely on the standard Transformer architecture, Hunyuan utilizes…
-
Tencent – 2025Q3 report
Below is a detailed summary of the Tencent 2025Q3 report: 1.Financial Highlights (2025 Q3) 2.Performance by Business Segment 3.User and Product Metrics 4.Strategic Focus and AI Integration Below is the Income Statement summary and Segment Revenue breakdown for the third quarter of 2025 (Q3 2025), based on the official announcement. Condensed Income Statement (Q3 2025)…
-
Tencent – Competitions
1. Social Media and Short Video: The Battle for Traffic Tencent’s core competitive advantage lies in the “Super App” ecosystem of WeChat, but it faces significant pressure in traffic distribution. 2. Online Games: Global Dominance vs. Creative Challengers Tencent is the world’s highest-grossing gaming company but faces domestic regulatory pressure and challenges from “quality-focused” emerging…
-
Tencent – Background and History
The history of Tencent can be divided into several key stages that track its evolution from a small startup to a global technology and investment conglomerate. 1. The Early Years and Survival (1998-2004) This period focused on building the user base and finding a sustainable business model. Core Technology: Revenue Level: 2. Diversification and Expansion…
-
JP Morgan – 2025Q3 report
Detailed Summary of 3Q25 Earnings 1.Overall Financial Performance Below is the financial performance of JP Morgan: Net Income: $14.4 billion, up 12% from $12.9 billion in the same period last year. Earnings Per Share (EPS): $5.07, compared to $4.33 in the prior year. Revenue: $47.1 billion, a 9% year-over-year increase. Return on Tangible Common Equity…
-
JP Morgan – Competitions
As of 2026, JPMorgan Chase remains in a dominant position, approaching a landmark 1trillion dollar market capitalization, making it the most profitable and largest financial institution globally. 1. Key Financial Metrics Comparison (2025 Data) JPMorgan Chase significantly outperforms other retail and commercial banking peers in terms of profit efficiency. Metric JPMorgan Chase (JPM) Bank of…
-
JP Morgan – Background and History
The history of JPMorgan Chase & Co. is incredibly long and complex, formed through the merger of over 1000 predecessor institutions. Its development can be divided into the following key stages: Phase 1: Origins and Early Foundations (1799-1870) The earliest roots of JPMorgan Chase date back to the late 18th century, a period that laid…
-
Walmart – 2025Q3 report
Financial Performance Highlights Segment Performance Debt and Capital Structure Key Legal and Risk Matters Future Outlook and Controls Based on Walmart’s 10-Q filing for the third quarter of fiscal year 2026 (ended October 31, 2025), here is the consolidated income statement and segment performance analysis. Consolidated Statement of Income (Amounts in millions, except per share…