Independent, data-driven fundamental analysis on global industry leaders.
Specifically focus on Technology and Biotechnology.
Global Top 100 by Market Capitalization
Top 100 US Companies by Market Capitalization
Article list:
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Top 100 US companies by market capitalization
Top 100 US companies by market capitalization (as of 2026/3/30) Ranking Company Ticker Market Cap. 1 NVIDIA NVDA 4.07T 2 Apple AAPL 3.66T 3 Alphabet (Google) GOOG 3.31T 4 Microsoft MSFT 2.65T 5 Amazon AMZN 2.14T 6 Broadcom AVGO 1.43T 7 Tesla TSLA 1.36T 8 Meta (Facebook) META 1.33T 9 Berkshire Hathaway BRK-B 1.01T 10…
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Global top 100 companies by market capitalization as of 2025/12/23
The table below presents the top 100 global companies by market capitalization. Please click on the links to access articles for each company. I will continuously update the articles for each company in the list. The global top 100 companies by market capitalization (as of 2025/12/23) Rank Company ticker 1 NVIDIA NVDA 2 Apple AAPL…
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American Express – FY25Q4 results
Here is the detailed summary of American Express’s Q4 and Full-Year 2025 financial results: Financial Performance Highlights Business Drivers and Metrics Segment Performance 2026 Outlook and Shareholder Returns Here is the detailed Income Statement based on the American Express Q4 2025 financial report: Consolidated Statement of Income (USD in millions, except per share amounts) Item…
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American Express – History and Competitions
The history of American Express (Amex) is a fascinating journey of a company that evolved from a regional freight forwarder into a global symbol of financial prestige. Here is the breakdown of its history by key stages: I. The Express Freight Era (1850–1880s) American Express was born not as a bank, but as a logistics…
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HSBC – 2025Q3 report
Here is the 3Q25 earnings summary for HSBC. 1. Financial Performance Overview 2. Strategic Updates and Restructuring 3. Future Outlook and Targets 4. Capital and Dividends 5. Business Segment Highlights (Constant Currency Basis) Based on the financial report for HSBC Holdings plc’s third quarter of 2025, the group confirmed a total of 1.4 billion USD…
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HSBC -History and Competitions
Historical Phases of HSBC Phase 1: Regional Foundations (1865-1899) In 1865, Thomas Sutherland founded The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in Hong Kong and Shanghai to finance the growing trade between China, India, and Europe. Core Strategy: Focus on trade finance between Asia and Europe; leveraging local expertise to compete against London-based banks; building government…
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Caterpillar – FY25 results
Here is the detailed summary of Caterpillar’s Q4 and Full-Year 2025 financial results: 2025 Financial Performance Highlights Segment Breakdown & Growth Drivers Shareholder Returns & Cash Flow 2026 Outlook The following is a professional deep dive into the Caterpillar (CAT) Q4 and Full-Year 2025 Analyst Slide Deck, breaking down its growth momentum, risk factors, and…
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Caterpillar – History and Competitions
The history of Caterpillar (CAT) mirrors the evolution of global industry and infrastructure. From the early merger of tractor companies to its current status as a leader in AI and energy transition, its journey can be divided into five key stages: 1. Formation and Early Integration (1925–1944) Context: Formed in 1925 through the merger of…
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Goldman Sachs – FY25 results
Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Financial Results Summary Goldman Sachs reported a strong performance for both the fourth quarter and the full year of 2025, driven by record-breaking results in Equities and significant growth in assets under supervision. Financial Performance Highlights For the full year 2025, the firm delivered net revenues of $52.20 billion…
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Goldman Sachs – History and Competitions
Here is a summary of the history of Goldman Sachs, broken down into its key evolutionary stages: Phase 1: The Commercial Paper Pioneer (1869–1906) Core Strategy: Niche Market Entry. The firm focused on purchasing short-term promissory notes (commercial paper) from small businesses that were ignored by large banks, building a high-volume network. Revenue Level: Modest…
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SK Hynix – FY25 earnings release
Financial Performance SK hynix achieved record-breaking financial results for the 2025 fiscal year. Annual combined revenue reached KRW97.15trillion, representing a 47% increase compared to 2024. Operating profit saw an even more significant surge, reaching KRW47.21trillion, a 101% increase year-on-year, with the operating profit margin expanding from 35% to 49%. Net income for the year totaled…
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SK Hynix – History and Competitions
Hyundai Electronics Era (1983-1998) SK Hynix originated as Hyundai Electronics in 1983. During this period, South Korea aggressively entered the semiconductor market. By 1985, the company successfully developed 256K NMOS DRAM. The focus was on rapid technological catch-up and massive capacity expansion to compete with Japanese and American chipmakers. Core Technology: 256K NMOS DRAM, 64M/128M…
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AbbVie 2025 results
2025 Financial Performance Summary: AbbVie’s Strategic Transition Robust Revenue Growth Driven by New Core Assets AbbVie delivered a strong performance in 2025, with full-year net revenues reaching 61.16 billion, representing an 8.6% year-over-year increase. This growth is particularly significant as it marks the second full year following the loss of exclusivity for Humira in the…
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Eli Lilly – 2025 earnings
Q4 2025 Financial Performance Eli Lilly delivered robust growth driven by a surge in demand for its weight-loss and diabetes treatments. Key Product Performance Growth was spearheaded by the tirzepatide franchise, despite some pricing headwinds. R&D and Regulatory Progress Operational and Strategic Updates 2026 Financial Guidance The company issued an optimistic outlook for the coming…
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Prosus – History
The history of Prosus is inseparable from its South African parent company, Naspers. It represents the evolution of a traditional print media business into a global technology powerhouse. The following are the key stages of Prosus’s development: 1. The Naspers Foundation (1915–1990s) Originally founded as De Nasionale Pers in 1915, the company spent decades as…
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IBM 2025Q4 report
IBM Fourth Quarter and Full-Year 2025 Financial Results Summary Revenue and Business Performance IBM demonstrated strong growth momentum in the fourth quarter of 2025, with quarterly revenue reaching 19.7 billion dollars, a 12.2% increase compared to the same period last year. This was primarily driven by solid performance in the software business and a significant…
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IBM – History and Competitions
1. Foundation and the Punched Card Era (1880s-1944) IBM’s roots date back to the late 19th century with the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR). In 1914, Thomas J. Watson Sr. took leadership, instilling the famous THINK motto and a rigorous sales culture. Core Technology: Mechanical Tabulators, Punched Cards, and Scales. Revenue Level: Millions to low hundreds of…
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Morgan Stanley – FY25Q4 report
4Q 2025 Financial Performance Summary Morgan Stanley reported a record fiscal year 2025, driven by a resurgence in investment banking and sustained growth in Wealth Management. Consolidated Financial Results Segment Highlights 1. Institutional Securities 2. Wealth Management 3. Investment Management Capital and Returns Executive Commentary CEO Ted Pick noted that 2025 was a standout year…
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Morgan Stanley – History and Competitions
The history of Morgan Stanley can be categorized into five distinct phases, tracing its evolution from a spinoff investment bank to a global powerhouse in wealth management. Phase 1: The Spinoff and Early Dominance (1935-1949) Morgan Stanley was born out of regulatory necessity following the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, which mandated the separation of commercial…
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AstraZeneca – FY25Q3 report
Here is the summary of AstraZeneca’s 9M and Q3 2025 results: Financial Highlights Therapy Area Performance (9M 2025) R&D and Strategic Updates FY 2025 Guidance AstraZeneca reiterated its full-year guidance at CER: Consolidated Income Statement Item 9M 2025 (Sm) % of Total Revenue YoY Change Product Sales 41,035 94.9% 9% Alliance Revenue 2,108 4.9% 41%…
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AstraZeneca – History and Competitions
The history of AstraZeneca can be broken down into four distinct strategic phases: Phase 1: Foundations and Early Breakthroughs (1913-1998) Before the merger, both companies established themselves as research powerhouses in their respective regions. Core Strategy: Focus on fundamental scientific research in specific therapeutic areas, expanding from Nordic and British domestic markets to a global…
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SAP – FY25Q3 report
Here is the detailed summary of the SAP Q3 2025 financial report: Revenue Performance and Strategic Transformation Total revenue reached 9.08 billion euros, representing a 7% year-over-year increase. The primary growth engine remains the cloud business, which surged 22% to 5.29 billion euros, now accounting for 58.3% of total revenue. Specifically, the Cloud ERP Suite…