Independent, data-driven fundamental analysis on global industry leaders.

Specifically focus on Technology and Biotechnology.

Global Top 100 by Market Capitalization

Top 10 Capital Markets

Top 100 US Companies by Market Capitalization


Article list:

  • Top 100 US companies by market capitalization

    Top 100 US companies by market capitalization (as of 2026/3/30) Ranking Company Ticker Market Cap. 1 NVIDIA NVDA 4.07T 2 Apple AAPL 3.66T 3 Alphabet (Google) GOOG 3.31T 4 Microsoft MSFT 2.65T 5 Amazon AMZN 2.14T 6 Broadcom AVGO 1.43T 7 Tesla TSLA 1.36T 8 Meta (Facebook) META 1.33T 9 Berkshire Hathaway BRK-B 1.01T 10…

  • Global top 100 companies by market capitalization as of 2025/12/23

    The table below presents the top 100 global companies by market capitalization. Please click on the links to access articles for each company. I will continuously update the articles for each company in the list. The global top 100 companies by market capitalization (as of 2025/12/23) Rank Company ticker 1 NVIDIA NVDA 2 Apple AAPL…

  • RTX – FY25 results

    RTX 2025 Financial Results & 2026 Outlook Summary RTX (formerly Raytheon Technologies) reported strong growth for the full year 2025, driven by a record backlog and robust demand across both commercial aerospace and defense sectors. Full Year 2025 Key Financials Business Segment Performance (Q4 2025) 2026 Full Year Outlook Based on the financial data from…

  • RTX – History and Competitions

    RTX Corporation (RTX) is one of the world’s largest aerospace and defense companies. Its history spans over a century, characterized by the evolution and eventual merger of two industrial giants: Raytheon Company and United Technologies (UTC). The following are the four key stages of RTX’s development: Phase 1: Pioneers of Radar and Vacuum Tubes (1922-1945)…

  • Philip Morris – FY25 results

    Summary: Philip Morris International (PMI) 2025 Full-Year & Q4 Earnings This report confirms 2025 as a transformative “tipping point” for PMI. For the first time, smoke-free products contributed more than 40% of total revenue, signaling a successful pivot from traditional cigarettes to high-growth nicotine alternatives. 1. 2025 Full-Year Financial Highlights Metric (USD Billions) 2025 Full…

  • Philip Morris – History and Competitions

    Here is detailed breakdown of Philip Morris International’s history, categorized by its most defining eras: 1. The London Roots and Early Expansion (1847–1919) This period marks the transition from a single shop to a recognized international brand. Core Products: Hand-rolled cigarettes, loose tobacco, and Turkish blends (e.g., Cambridge, Oxford Blues). Core Strategy: Niche Premium Positioning.…

  • Salesforce – FY26Q3 results

    Financial Highlights for Salesforce Q3 FY26: Income Statement Analysis (Quarter Ended Oct 31, 2025) Revenue Segment (in Millions) Subscription and support: 9,236 (93.4% of total revenue, YoY +11%) Professional services and other: 654 (6.6% of total revenue, YoY +13%) Total revenues: 9,890 (100.0%, YoY +11%) Operating Expenses (% of Total Revenue) Cost of revenues: 2,476…

  • Salesforce – History and Competitions

    Stage 1: The SaaS Disruptor (1999-2004) The focus during this period was challenging the traditional software model. Core Product: Sales Cloud (Initial CRM). Core Strategy: “No Software” Movement. Revolutionizing the industry by offering software as a service (SaaS) through a web browser, eliminating the need for expensive hardware and complex installations. Revenue Level: Rapid early-stage…

  • kweichow moutai – FY25Q3 result

    Based on the kweichow moutai 2025 Q3 report (as of September 30, 2025), here are the key highlights: Financial Performance Highlights (Jan-Sep 2025) Revenue Breakdown by Product Product Category Revenue (Approx. RMB) Growth Trend Moutai Liquor 110.0 billion Remains the primary core driver of total revenue. Series Liquor 20.0 billion Continued steady expansion in the…

  • Kweichow Moutai – History and Competitions

    1. Early Origins and the Three Private Distilleries (Pre-1951) The history of Moutai dates back over 2,000 years to the Han Dynasty’s Gojiang wine. In the modern era, the brand was shaped by three private distilleries in Moutai Town: Core Products: Hua-Mao, Wang-Mao, and Lai-Mao (the prototypes for today’s Moutai series). Core Strategy: Traditional Craftsmanship.…

  • Merck – FY25Q4 results

    Here is the detailed summary of the Merck (MRK) 4Q25 Earnings: Revenue and Business Performance Merck reported total sales of 16.4billion for the fourth quarter of 2025, representing a 5% increase compared to the same period last year. For the full year 2025, total sales reached 63.5billion, a 6% growth. This performance was primarily driven…

  • Merck – History and Competitions

    Merck History: Key Phases (English Version) The history of Merck is unique because it involves two distinct global entities: Merck KGaA (Germany) and Merck & Co. (USA/Canada, known as MSD elsewhere). Here is the chronological breakdown of their evolution: Phase 1: The Pharmacy Roots & Industrialization (1668–1890) Merck is the world’s oldest operating chemical and…

  • PetroChina FY25Q3 results

    The following is a detailed summary of the PetroChina 2025 Third Quarter Report: Financial Performance and Revenue Structure For the third quarter of 2025, PetroChina reported a revenue of 719.16 billion RMB, representing a 10.4% year-on-year decrease. This decline was primarily driven by the downward trend in international crude oil prices. Net profit attributable to…

  • PetroChina – History and Competitions

    PetroChina’s history is deeply intertwined with the development of China’s energy industry. It has evolved from a government department into one of the largest integrated energy companies in the world. Its history can be categorized into four distinct stages: Stage 1: The Ministry of Petroleum Industry (1950s–1980s) During this period, the oil industry was managed…

  • Nestle – FY25Q3 result

    Following your request, here is the English summary of the Nestlé Nine-month Sales 2025 report: Core Financial Metrics Regional and Segment Performance Growth across regions showed varying degrees of recovery: Strategic Actions and Efficiency CEO Philipp Navratil announced major transformation plans: Full-Year 2025 Outlook Based on the Nestlé Nine-month Sales 2025 report and financial data,…

  • Nestle – History and Competitions

    Nestle has a rich history spanning over 150 years. Its evolution can be categorized into five distinct strategic phases: Phase 1: Foundations and Rivalry (1866–1904) The story began with two separate Swiss enterprises. In 1866, the Page brothers established the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. A year later, pharmacist Henri Nestlé launched his breakthrough “farine lactée”…

  • Hermes – FY25 results

    The following is a detailed summary of the Hermès 2025 Full Year Results. Financial Performance Overview Hermès achieved a significant milestone in 2025, with annual revenue surpassing the €16 billion mark to reach €16.002 billion. This represents a 9% increase at constant exchange rates despite a challenging global environment and a significant negative currency impact…

  • Hermes – History and Competitions

    The Evolution of Hermès: Key Eras The history of Hermès is a masterclass in maintaining heritage while adapting to the modern world. Here is the breakdown of their journey: The Golden Age of Saddlery (1837–1880) In 1837, Thierry Hermès opened a harness workshop in Paris. His goal was simple: create the finest harnesses and bridles…

  • Bank of China – FY25Q3 results

    Bank of China Limited 2025 Third Quarter Report Summary This report covers the financial performance of Bank of China (BOC) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Below are the key financial highlights and operational metrics: Key Financial Indicators Asset Quality and Capital Adequacy Strategic Highlights Conclusion BOC maintained steady asset growth and stable…

  • Bank of China – History and Competitions

    Historical Stages of the Bank of China (BOC) The history of the Bank of China (BOC) is a reflection of China’s modern financial and political evolution. It has transformed from a government-run central bank into a leading international commercial bank. 1. Founding and Early Years (1912–1928) Following the Xinhai Revolution, the Bank of China was…

  • Novartis FY25Q4 results

    Based on the Novartis Q4 2025 Media Release, here is the high-level summary of the financial and operational performance: Full Year 2025 Financial Results Novartis delivered strong performance in 2025, driven by double-digit growth in core products: Key Growth Drivers (Full Year Sales) The following products contributed significantly to the revenue growth: Pipeline and Strategic…

  • Novartis – History and Competitions

    Novartis has a rich history originating from three Swiss companies in Basel, evolving through several distinct stages: 1. The Roots: Three Independent Pioneers (1758–1970) Novartis traces its lineage to three chemical and pharmaceutical firms: Core Products: Core Strategy: Revenue Level: 2. Mergers and the Birth of Novartis (1970–1996) This period marked the transition from chemicals…