Independent, data-driven fundamental analysis on global industry leaders.

Specifically focus on Technology and Biotechnology.

Global Top 100


Article list:

  • Global top 100 companies as of 2025/12/23

    The table below presents the top 100 global companies by market capitalization. Please click on the links to access articles for each company. I will continuously update the articles for each company in the list. The global top 100 market capitalization compaines (as of 2025/12/23) Rank Company ticker 1 NVIDIA NVDA 2 Apple AAPL 3…

  • AbbVie 2025 results

    2025 Financial Performance Summary: AbbVie’s Strategic Transition Robust Revenue Growth Driven by New Core Assets AbbVie delivered a strong performance in 2025, with full-year net revenues reaching 61.16 billion, representing an 8.6% year-over-year increase. This growth is particularly significant as it marks the second full year following the loss of exclusivity for Humira in the…

  • Eli Lilly – 2025 earnings

    Q4 2025 Financial Performance Eli Lilly delivered robust growth driven by a surge in demand for its weight-loss and diabetes treatments. Key Product Performance Growth was spearheaded by the tirzepatide franchise, despite some pricing headwinds. R&D and Regulatory Progress Operational and Strategic Updates 2026 Financial Guidance The company issued an optimistic outlook for the coming…

  • Prosus – History

    The history of Prosus is inseparable from its South African parent company, Naspers. It represents the evolution of a traditional print media business into a global technology powerhouse. The following are the key stages of Prosus’s development: 1. The Naspers Foundation (1915–1990s) Originally founded as De Nasionale Pers in 1915, the company spent decades as…

  • IBM 2025Q4 report

    IBM Fourth Quarter and Full-Year 2025 Financial Results Summary Revenue and Business Performance IBM demonstrated strong growth momentum in the fourth quarter of 2025, with quarterly revenue reaching 19.7 billion dollars, a 12.2% increase compared to the same period last year. This was primarily driven by solid performance in the software business and a significant…

  • IBM – History and Competitions

    1. Foundation and the Punched Card Era (1880s-1944) IBM’s roots date back to the late 19th century with the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR). In 1914, Thomas J. Watson Sr. took leadership, instilling the famous THINK motto and a rigorous sales culture. Core Technology: Mechanical Tabulators, Punched Cards, and Scales. Revenue Level: Millions to low hundreds of…

  • Morgan Stanley – FY25Q4 report

    4Q 2025 Financial Performance Summary Morgan Stanley reported a record fiscal year 2025, driven by a resurgence in investment banking and sustained growth in Wealth Management. Consolidated Financial Results Segment Highlights 1. Institutional Securities 2. Wealth Management 3. Investment Management Capital and Returns Executive Commentary CEO Ted Pick noted that 2025 was a standout year…

  • Morgan Stanley – History and Competitions

    The history of Morgan Stanley can be categorized into five distinct phases, tracing its evolution from a spinoff investment bank to a global powerhouse in wealth management. Phase 1: The Spinoff and Early Dominance (1935-1949) Morgan Stanley was born out of regulatory necessity following the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, which mandated the separation of commercial…

  • AstraZeneca – FY25Q3 report

    Here is the summary of AstraZeneca’s 9M and Q3 2025 results: Financial Highlights Therapy Area Performance (9M 2025) R&D and Strategic Updates FY 2025 Guidance AstraZeneca reiterated its full-year guidance at CER: Consolidated Income Statement Item 9M 2025 (Sm) % of Total Revenue YoY Change Product Sales 41,035 94.9% 9% Alliance Revenue 2,108 4.9% 41%…

  • AstraZeneca – History and Competitions

    The history of AstraZeneca can be broken down into four distinct strategic phases: Phase 1: Foundations and Early Breakthroughs (1913-1998) Before the merger, both companies established themselves as research powerhouses in their respective regions. Core Strategy: Focus on fundamental scientific research in specific therapeutic areas, expanding from Nordic and British domestic markets to a global…

  • SAP – FY25Q3 report

    Here is the detailed summary of the SAP Q3 2025 financial report: Revenue Performance and Strategic Transformation Total revenue reached 9.08 billion euros, representing a 7% year-over-year increase. The primary growth engine remains the cloud business, which surged 22% to 5.29 billion euros, now accounting for 58.3% of total revenue. Specifically, the Cloud ERP Suite…

  • SAP – History and Competitions

    SAP (Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung) has evolved from a five-person startup in 1972 into the world’s leading provider of enterprise software. Its history is generally categorized into several distinct technological eras: Phase 1: The Founding and R/1 (1972–1979) Five former IBM engineers founded SAP in Mannheim, Germany, with the vision of creating standard application software for…

  • Toyota – FY26H1 report

    This financial report for Toyota’s FY2026 Second Quarter (period ending September 30, 2025) reveals a company maintaining strong top-line momentum while grappling with significant profitability headwinds and structural shifts in the global automotive market. Revenue and Sales Performance Toyota achieved consolidated sales revenue of 24.6 trillion yen for the first half of the fiscal year,…

  • Toyota – History and Competitions

    Toyota’s history can be divided into five defining eras, marking its evolution from a textile machinery manufacturer to a global leader in mobility. 1. The Textile Origins (Late 19th Century – 1937) Toyota’s story began with Sakichi Toyoda, the “King of Japanese Inventors,” who developed Japan’s first power loom. Core Technology: Jidoka (Autonomation). Inherited from…

  • Palantir 2025Q4 report

    Executive Summary: Palantir Q4 2025 Financial Results Palantir Technologies reported record-breaking results for Q4 2025, driven by an unprecedented acceleration in the U.S. Commercial sector fueled by AI Platform (AIP) adoption. Key Financial Metrics (Q4 2025) Segment Performance & Customer Growth FY 2026 Guidance (Crushing Consensus) Palantir issued a 2026 outlook that significantly exceeded market…

  • United Health 2025 report

    Here is the detailed summary of the United Health Group (UNH) 2025 results and 2026 outlook: 2025 Financial Performance and Operating Results UnitedHealth Group reported full-year 2024 revenue of 421.1 billion, representing a 13.3% increase compared to 371.6 billion in the previous year. This growth was driven by a consistent increase in the number of…

  • United Health – History and Competitions

    The history of UnitedHealth Group (UNH) is a story of a small regional company transforming into a global healthcare powerhouse through relentless vertical integration and data-driven diversification. The evolution can be broken down into four distinct phases: 1. The Foundation & HMO Innovation (1974–1984) During this period, the company pioneered the Managed Care model, shifting…

  • Chevron – FY25Q4 report

    Chevron 2025 Q4 Earnings Summary Financial Performance Overview Earnings: Chevron reported Q4 2025 earnings of 2.8 billion (1.39 per diluted share), down from 3.2 billion in the same period of 2024. Adjusted earnings were 3.0 billion (1.52 per diluted share). The decline was primarily driven by lower crude oil prices, decreased earnings from affiliates, unfavorable…

  • Chevron – History and Competitions

    1. Early Origins and the Standard Oil Era (1879-1911) The history of Chevron began in 1879 with the founding of Pacific Coast Oil Co. This company was later acquired by John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil trust. In 1911, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered the breakup of Standard Oil due to monopoly concerns. The California-based operations…

  • Exxon – 2025 report

    Detailed Summary of ExxonMobil 2025 Financial Results ExxonMobil reported its full-year 2025 results on January 30, 2026, highlighting strong operational execution despite a softer pricing environment compared to the previous year. Financial Performance Segment Highlights Cost Management & Capital Allocation Strategic Outlook Here is the consolidated Income Statement for Exxon Mobil Corporation for the 2025…

  • Wells Fargo – 2025Q3 report

    Wells Fargo 3Q25 Financial Performance Key Highlights Diversification of Revenue Streams Wells Fargo is successfully reducing its reliance on traditional interest rate spreads. Non-interest income reached 9.49 billion, representing a 9.3% year-over-year increase, which served as a primary driver for the total revenue of 21.44 billion. The investment banking sector performed exceptionally well with a…